After this lesson you can turn a vague request into a clear prompt.
About 9 minutes, or 15 with the Deep layers
Reading depth for every section
In short
A prompt is the text you give an AI. A vague prompt leaves it to guess what you want.
In the recorded answers, adding a length and a tone made both models write much shorter emails.
A clear prompt is not a ready email. Every recorded reply still had blanks to fill and things to check.
Reading depth forListen to
One prompt, two models
Here is a prompt: “Write an email to my lecturer.”
A prompt is the text you give an AI to tell it what to do. This one does not say what the email is for. It does not say who the lecturer is, or how long the email should be. The model has to guess.
We gave this prompt to two models on 3 October 2026. Claude Sonnet 5.5 is made by Anthropic. Ministral 3 14B is made by Mistral AI.
“Bad” here means the prompt leaves out what the model needs. It does not mean you did something wrong.
PromptSage is a prompt framework by Emanuel Covasa, written up as a paper that is not yet published. This lesson asks what each part of a clear request does; PromptSage shows one way to keep those parts separate. It splits a prompt into seven labelled layers, each written between XML tags, such as <identity> and </identity>. The opening and closing tags mark where each part starts and ends.
Disclosure: PromptSage was created by Emanuel Covasa, who also created this site. It is one worked framework, not the standard.
Anthropic says XML tags help Claude read a prompt that mixes instructions with other content, such as context, examples and inputs. It says wrapping each kind of content in its own tag “reduces misinterpretation” (read on 4 October 2026). This is its advice for Claude, not a guarantee. You can learn more about XML tags in Anthropic’s guide (opens in a new tab), a free page on a different website, written for developers.
This lesson’s prompts are short, plain sentences, so they use no PromptSage layers and no XML tags. The table below maps the seven layers, so that each later Deep section can say which layer it is.
The paper itself says: “All prompt-level constraints are advisory, not absolute.” and “Current findings are based on controlled testing rather than large-scale deployment.”
The paper names its layers like this, in its own US spelling:
Layer
Name in the paper
In plain words
Taught in
1
Immutable Security Boundary
Rules meant to come first, whatever anyone types. No prompt can guarantee it.
No lesson
2
Identity
Who the AI is in this job, what it is for, and what it is not.
Lesson 2.3
3
Core Directives
The standing rules from whoever set it up, its ethics, and what wins when rules clash.
No lesson
4
Mode Control
Its different jobs, like tutor or examiner. Each job lists what it may and may not do.
Lesson 2.7
5
Behavioral Protocols
Habits it runs every time: check the answer before sending, refuse politely, pass hard cases to a person.
Lesson 2.6
6
Customizable Defaults
Settings you may change, like language, tone and length.
Lesson 2.5
7
Sandwich Reinforcement
The most important rules, repeated at the very end.
Lesson 2.5
Two layers have no lesson. Layer 1 is left out because its name sounds like rules that cannot be broken, and a prompt cannot promise that: the paper’s own limit above says so. Layer 3 is left out because it holds the standing rules a tool’s owner sets, and lesson 2.3’s four tiers already cover who may change which rule.
This lesson’s idea is the paper’s first step, Structure: “Wrap behavioral instructions in nested XML tags that create clear boundaries.” The paper says the framework uses “standard XML tags inside an AI model’s system prompt”, so it is written for a tool’s owner, not for a chat message. Structure is not one of the seven layers. It is how the layers are written down: each piece sits in its own fenced part, not in one block of text.
Our recorded prompts have no tags and no system prompt, so the recording does not test Structure. What it does show is plainer: which pieces of a short prompt changed the answers.
Three things to say
You can make a prompt clearer by saying three things.
First, say what you want. Second, say who it is for and why. Third, say the shape of the answer: how long, and what tone.
Two companies give the same advice. Anthropic’s guide says: “Claude responds well to clear, explicit instructions.” Google’s Gemini guide says to give the model the information it needs, instead of assuming it already has it. We read both pages on 3 October 2026.
These are the companies’ own words about their own models. The activity below tests the advice on two models, on one day.
Anthropic’s page, in its section “Be clear and direct”, also gives a test: “Golden rule: Show your prompt to a colleague with minimal context on the task and ask them to follow it. If they’d be confused, Claude will be too.” It adds a list item: “Be specific about the desired output format and constraints.” The page lists Claude Sonnet 5.5 among the models it covers, and it carries no date (read on 3 October 2026).
Google’s page was last updated on 17 September 2026 (read on 3 October 2026). It says: “An effective and efficient way to customize model behavior is to provide it with clear and specific instructions.” On context: “You can include instructions and information in a prompt that the model needs to solve a problem, instead of assuming that the model has all of the required information.” On shape: “Specify any constraints on reading the prompt or generating a response.” and “You can give instructions that specify the format of the response.”
Both pages are advice, not a test. Neither page says how much each piece changes a given answer. The recording in this lesson is a small test of that, and it is only two models, on one day.
Fix the bad prompt
In the activity below, you start with the bad prompt. Then you add one piece at a time. The steps are the request, then the reader and the reason, then the length and tone, then the ending.
Before each step, predict what the new piece will change. Then see what the two models wrote.
Each step has one recorded run per model. The first and last prompts have three runs per model. The answers were recorded on 3 October 2026. We did not edit them.
The recording is R-2.1. Each prompt was sent as one user message, with no tools and no system prompt of our own. The temperature was not set, so each model used its own default. The limit was 4000 tokens. Claude Sonnet 5.5 was called through Anthropic’s Messages API. An API is a way for one program to send a request to another. Ministral 3 14B (ministral-14b-2512) was called through Mistral AI’s API. The Claude replies to the first prompt each include a thinking step of about 60 tokens, and its text is empty in the saved file. We do not know what else a service adds behind a request.
Word counts in this lesson split the whole reply at spaces, so the subject line, greeting and sign-off count. Where the lesson counts the email text alone, it says so.
The four prompts are, in order. Prompt A: “Write an email to my lecturer.” Step 1: “Write an email to my lecturer asking for a one-week extension on my essay.” Step 2: “Write an email to my lecturer, Dr Byrne, asking for a one-week extension on my essay because I was ill last week. I have a doctor’s note.” Step 3 adds: “Write a short email … Keep it under 120 words, polite and a little formal.” Prompt B adds one more piece: “and end by offering to send the note.”
Every name and detail is made up. Do not paste real names, grades or health details into an AI to practise.
Try it: Fix the bad prompt
The bad prompt
This prompt is invented. We sent it to two AI models.
Write an email to my lecturer.
Claude Sonnet 5.5 Run 1 Recorded 3 October 2026
A template with blanks. It asks what the email is for.
Here's a general template you can adapt. If you tell me the purpose, I can tailor it.
I hope you're well. My name is [Your Name], and I'm a student in your [Course Name/Code] class ([section/day/time, if relevant]).
I'm writing to [state your purpose clearly, e.g., ask about the upcoming assignment / request an extension / schedule a meeting / ask for feedback on my grade].
[Add 2-3 sentences of relevant detail, such as what you've already tried, any dates, or the specific help you need.]
Would it be possible to [specific request, e.g., meet during your office hours this week / receive an extension until Friday, 12 May]? I'm happy to work around your schedule.
Thank you for your time and help. I look forward to hearing from you.
Kind regards, [Your Full Name] [Student ID] [Course Name/Code]
Tips:
Keep the subject line specific so it doesn't get lost.
Check the syllabus first in case it already answers your question.
Be polite and concise, and state your request early.
If you tell me what the email is for (extension, grade query, recommendation letter, missed class, meeting request, etc.), along with any details and the tone you want, I'll write a ready-to-send version.
Ministral 3 14B Run 1 Recorded 3 October 2026
A longer template with tips and examples. It does not ask what the email is for.
Here’s a professional and polite email template you can use to address your lecturer. Adjust the details (subject, tone, and content) based on your specific needs:
Subject: [Brief and Clear – e.g., "Query About [Course Name/Topic] Assignment" or "Request for Feedback on [Submission]"]
Dear [Professor/Dr. Last Name],
I hope this email finds you well. I am writing to [state your purpose clearly—e.g., seek clarification on a topic discussed in class, request an extension for [assignment name], ask about office hours, or share feedback on my recent submission].
Read the full recorded answer, Ministral 3 14B, run 1
[Provide specific details:
If asking a question: "During the lecture on [topic], I was unclear about [specific point]. Could you please elaborate on [X]?"
If requesting feedback: "I submitted [assignment name] on [date] and would greatly appreciate your feedback to improve my understanding of [specific aspect]."
If asking for an extension: "Given [brief reason, e.g., unexpected personal circumstances/health issues], I kindly request an extension until [proposed date]. I’ve attached a draft for your review if helpful."
If scheduling a meeting: "Would it be possible to meet during your office hours or at another convenient time to discuss [topic]?"]
I’ve attached [any relevant documents, e.g., assignment draft, screenshots, or notes] for your reference. Please let me know if you need any additional information from my side.
Thank you for your time and guidance. I truly appreciate your support and look forward to your response.
Best regards, [Your Full Name] [Your Student ID, if relevant] [Your Course Name and Section, e.g., "ENGL 101 – Section B"] [Your University Name, if needed]
Tips to Customize:
Tone: Keep it formal but warm. Avoid overly casual language (e.g., "Hey Prof").
Subject Line: Make it specific so the lecturer can prioritize it.
Attachments: Mention them in the email body and name files clearly (e.g., LastName_FirstName_Assignment1_Draft.pdf).
Follow-Up: If you don’t hear back in 5–7 days, send a polite follow-up:
"Dear [Name], I wanted to follow up on my email sent on [date] regarding [topic]. Please let me know if you need further details. Thank you!"
Examples for Common Scenarios:
Clarifying a Lecture Point:
"In last week’s lecture on [topic], I was confused about how [concept] applies to [example]. Could you recommend resources or clarify further?"
Requesting Feedback:
"I’ve attached my essay draft for [Course Name] and would be grateful for feedback, especially on [specific area, e.g., thesis development or citations]."
Asking for an Extension:
"Due to [brief reason, e.g., a family emergency], I’m unable to submit [assignment] by the deadline. Would it be possible to extend the deadline to [new date]?"
Scheduling a Meeting:
"I’d like to discuss my progress in [Course Name] and would appreciate 15–20 minutes of your time. Are your office hours on [day] at [time] available, or could we arrange another slot?"
Now we add one piece at a time. Before each step, predict what it changes.
Here is what the two models wrote at each step.
What all the runs showed
Adding the length and tone made both models write much shorter emails. Adding the request, the reader and the reason did not.
The bad prompt got a template with blanks from both models. Claude asked what the email was for. Ministral did not.
Even the best prompt left blanks in every run. Ministral said a note was attached in four of its five replies to the last three prompts. Nothing was attached.
The two AIs and their settings
Claude Sonnet 5.5
claude-sonnet-5-5, on Anthropic Messages API. Recorded on 3 October 2026.
Longest answer, in tokens: 4000
Temperature: not sent, and the value the service used was not recorded
Tools: no tools
Instructions from us behind the message: none
Ministral 3 14B
ministral-14b-2512, on Mistral AI API. Recorded on 3 October 2026.
Model name sent: ministral-14b-2512
Longest answer, in tokens: 4000
The model's default temperature, read from its model list: 0.3
Temperature: not sent, and the value the service used was not recorded
Tools: no tools
Instructions from us behind the message: none
Step 1: add the request
Write an email to my lecturer asking for a one-week extension on my essay.
These runs are written out in full at the end of this activity.
Step 2: add the reader and the reason
Write an email to my lecturer, Dr Byrne, asking for a one-week extension on my essay because I was ill last week. I have a doctor's note.
These runs are written out in full at the end of this activity.
Step 3: add the length and tone
Write a short email to my lecturer, Dr Byrne, asking for a one-week extension on my essay because I was ill last week. I have a doctor's note. Keep it under 120 words, polite and a little formal.
These runs are written out in full at the end of this activity.
Prompt B: add the ending
Write a short email to my lecturer, Dr Byrne, asking for a one-week extension on my essay because I was ill last week. I have a doctor's note. Keep it under 120 words, polite and a little formal, and end by offering to send the note.
These runs are written out in full at the end of this activity.
Show all runs
The bad prompt
Claude Sonnet 5.5 Run 1 Recorded 3 October 2026
A template with blanks. It asks what the email is for.
Here's a general template you can adapt. If you tell me the purpose, I can tailor it.
I hope you're well. My name is [Your Name], and I'm a student in your [Course Name/Code] class ([section/day/time, if relevant]).
I'm writing to [state your purpose clearly, e.g., ask about the upcoming assignment / request an extension / schedule a meeting / ask for feedback on my grade].
[Add 2-3 sentences of relevant detail, such as what you've already tried, any dates, or the specific help you need.]
Would it be possible to [specific request, e.g., meet during your office hours this week / receive an extension until Friday, 12 May]? I'm happy to work around your schedule.
Thank you for your time and help. I look forward to hearing from you.
Kind regards, [Your Full Name] [Student ID] [Course Name/Code]
Tips:
Keep the subject line specific so it doesn't get lost.
Check the syllabus first in case it already answers your question.
Be polite and concise, and state your request early.
If you tell me what the email is for (extension, grade query, recommendation letter, missed class, meeting request, etc.), along with any details and the tone you want, I'll write a ready-to-send version.
Claude Sonnet 5.5 Run 2 Recorded 3 October 2026
Here's a general template you can adapt. If you tell me the purpose, I can tailor it.
I hope you're well. My name is [Your Name], and I'm a student in your [Course Name/Code] class ([section/day/time, if relevant]).
I'm writing to [state your purpose clearly, e.g., ask about the upcoming essay deadline / request an extension / clarify a concept from last week's lecture / schedule a meeting].
[Add 1-3 sentences of relevant detail or context. For example: "I've reviewed the assignment brief and the lecture slides, but I'm still unsure about X."]
[State your specific request, e.g., "Would it be possible to meet during your office hours this week?" or "Could you clarify whether…?"]
Thank you for your time and help. I look forward to your reply.
Kind regards, [Your Full Name] [Student ID] [Course Name/Code]
I hope you're well. My name is [Your Name], and I'm a student in your [Course Name/Code] class ([section/day/time, if relevant]).
I'm writing to [state your purpose clearly, e.g., ask about the upcoming assignment / request an extension / schedule a meeting]. [Add 1-3 sentences of relevant detail, such as what you've already tried, the specific issue, or the date involved.]
Read the full recorded answer, Claude Sonnet 5.5, run 3
[Specific request, e.g., Would it be possible to meet during your office hours this week? / Could you clarify whether…?]
Thank you for your time and help. I look forward to your reply.
Kind regards, [Your Full Name] [Student ID, if relevant] [Course/Program]
Quick variations for the middle section:
Extension request: "I'm writing to request an extension on [assignment] due [date]. Due to [brief reason], I've been unable to complete it by the deadline. I would be grateful if I could submit it by [new date]."
Clarification question: "I had a question about [topic/assignment]. I understood [X], but I'm unsure about [Y]. Could you clarify?"
Meeting request: "I'd like to discuss [topic]. Would you be available during office hours, or at another time that suits you?"
Absence: "I was unable to attend [class/date] due to [reason]. Could you let me know how I can catch up on what I missed?"
What's the email about? I can write a complete version for you.
Ministral 3 14B Run 1 Recorded 3 October 2026
A longer template with tips and examples. It does not ask what the email is for.
Here’s a professional and polite email template you can use to address your lecturer. Adjust the details (subject, tone, and content) based on your specific needs:
Subject: [Brief and Clear – e.g., "Query About [Course Name/Topic] Assignment" or "Request for Feedback on [Submission]"]
Dear [Professor/Dr. Last Name],
I hope this email finds you well. I am writing to [state your purpose clearly—e.g., seek clarification on a topic discussed in class, request an extension for [assignment name], ask about office hours, or share feedback on my recent submission].
Read the full recorded answer, Ministral 3 14B, run 1
[Provide specific details:
If asking a question: "During the lecture on [topic], I was unclear about [specific point]. Could you please elaborate on [X]?"
If requesting feedback: "I submitted [assignment name] on [date] and would greatly appreciate your feedback to improve my understanding of [specific aspect]."
If asking for an extension: "Given [brief reason, e.g., unexpected personal circumstances/health issues], I kindly request an extension until [proposed date]. I’ve attached a draft for your review if helpful."
If scheduling a meeting: "Would it be possible to meet during your office hours or at another convenient time to discuss [topic]?"]
I’ve attached [any relevant documents, e.g., assignment draft, screenshots, or notes] for your reference. Please let me know if you need any additional information from my side.
Thank you for your time and guidance. I truly appreciate your support and look forward to your response.
Best regards, [Your Full Name] [Your Student ID, if relevant] [Your Course Name and Section, e.g., "ENGL 101 – Section B"] [Your University Name, if needed]
Tips to Customize:
Tone: Keep it formal but warm. Avoid overly casual language (e.g., "Hey Prof").
Subject Line: Make it specific so the lecturer can prioritize it.
Attachments: Mention them in the email body and name files clearly (e.g., LastName_FirstName_Assignment1_Draft.pdf).
Follow-Up: If you don’t hear back in 5–7 days, send a polite follow-up:
"Dear [Name], I wanted to follow up on my email sent on [date] regarding [topic]. Please let me know if you need further details. Thank you!"
Examples for Common Scenarios:
Clarifying a Lecture Point:
"In last week’s lecture on [topic], I was confused about how [concept] applies to [example]. Could you recommend resources or clarify further?"
Requesting Feedback:
"I’ve attached my essay draft for [Course Name] and would be grateful for feedback, especially on [specific area, e.g., thesis development or citations]."
Asking for an Extension:
"Due to [brief reason, e.g., a family emergency], I’m unable to submit [assignment] by the deadline. Would it be possible to extend the deadline to [new date]?"
Scheduling a Meeting:
"I’d like to discuss my progress in [Course Name] and would appreciate 15–20 minutes of your time. Are your office hours on [day] at [time] available, or could we arrange another slot?"
Ministral 3 14B Run 2 Recorded 3 October 2026
Here’s a professional and polite email template you can use to address your lecturer. Adjust the details (subject, content, and tone) based on your specific request:
Subject: Inquiry About [Course Name/Topic/Assignment]
Dear [Lecturer’s Name],
I hope this email finds you well. I am writing to [state your purpose clearly—e.g., ask a question, request feedback, clarify a topic, or seek an extension].
[Body of the email:]
If asking a question: "I was reviewing [specific topic/lecture/assignment] and had a question about [briefly describe the issue]. Could you clarify [specific point]? I’d greatly appreciate your guidance."
If requesting feedback: "I’ve completed [assignment name] and would be grateful if you could provide feedback on [specific section or overall]. Please let me know if you’d prefer I submit it via [method, e.g., email/learning platform]."
If seeking an extension: "Due to [brief reason, e.g., personal circumstances/health/conflict], I’m struggling to meet the deadline for [assignment name] on [date]. Would it be possible to request a short extension until [proposed date]? I’d be happy to provide any documentation if needed."
If thanking or complimenting: "I wanted to thank you for [specific lecture/feedback/resource], which was very helpful for understanding [topic]. Your teaching has been invaluable this semester."
Read the full recorded answer, Ministral 3 14B, run 2
[Closing:] I’d be very grateful for your advice/time. Please let me know if you’d like any additional details from my side. Thank you for your support.
Best regards, [Your Full Name] [Your Student ID, if relevant] [Your Course Name/Year, e.g., "Computer Science, Year 2"]
Tips to Customize:
Tone: Keep it formal but warm. Avoid overly casual language (e.g., "Hey," "Thanks a lot").
Specificity: Mention exact dates, topics, or assignments to show you’ve put thought into your request.
Politeness: Phrases like "I’d greatly appreciate your help" or "Thank you in advance" go a long way.
Proofread: Check for typos or unclear sentences before sending.
Examples for Different Scenarios:
Clarifying a lecture: "During the lecture on [date], I was unclear about how [specific concept] applies to [example]. Could you recommend any resources or examples to help me understand better?"
Requesting an extension (with reason): "I’ve been unwell this week and am still recovering, which has affected my ability to complete [assignment]. I’d like to request a 3-day extension to [new date]. I’ve attached a doctor’s note if required."
Following up: "I sent an email on [date] regarding [topic], but I wanted to check if you’d had a chance to review it. Please let me know if you need any further information from me."
Ministral 3 14B Run 3 Recorded 3 October 2026
Here’s a professional and polite email template you can use to address your lecturer. Adjust the details (subject, content, and tone) based on your specific needs:
Subject: [Brief and Clear Subject Line – e.g., "Query About [Topic/Assignment]"] Dear [Lecturer’s Name],
I hope this email finds you well. I am writing to [state your purpose clearly—e.g., ask about the upcoming exam format, clarify a concept from the lecture, request an extension for [assignment], etc.].
Read the full recorded answer, Ministral 3 14B, run 3
[Provide specific details:
If asking a question: "In the lecture on [date/topic], I was unclear about [specific point]. Could you please explain [briefly] or recommend resources to help me understand?"
If requesting feedback: "I’ve attached my [assignment/report] for your review. Would it be possible to receive feedback by [date]?"
If seeking an extension: "Due to [brief reason, e.g., personal circumstances/health], I’m struggling to complete [assignment] on time. Would it be possible to request a short extension until [date]?"
If thanking: "Thank you for your guidance on [topic]. I found the lecture on [subject] particularly helpful."
Please let me know if you’d like any additional information from my side.
Thank you for your time and support. I appreciate your assistance.
Best regards, [Your Full Name] [Your Student ID, if relevant] [Your Course Name/Year, e.g., "MSc Computer Science, Year 2"] [Your University Name, if needed]
Tips for Customization:
Tone: Keep it formal but warm. Avoid overly casual language.
Subject Line: Make it specific (e.g., "Follow-up on Week 3 Tutorial" instead of "Hi").
Length: Keep it concise (3–5 sentences max for most queries).
Attachments: Mention if you’re sending files (e.g., "I’ve attached my draft for review").
Deadlines: If urgent, add a polite note like "I’d be grateful if you could respond by [date]."
Examples for Different Scenarios:
Clarifying a Concept:
"Subject: Confusion About [Topic] in Week 5 Lecture Dear Dr. Smith, I attended your lecture on [topic] last week and found the discussion on [specific concept] challenging. Could you clarify how [related point] applies in practice? I’ve tried reviewing the slides but would appreciate further guidance."
Requesting Feedback:
"Subject: Feedback Request for [Assignment Name] Dear Professor Lee, I’ve completed the assignment on [topic] and would be grateful for your feedback before the submission deadline on [date]. I’ve attached the file for your convenience. Please let me know if you’d prefer a different format."
Apologizing for a Late Submission:
"Subject: Request for Extension – [Assignment Name] Dear Professor Johnson, I sincerely apologize for the delay in submitting [assignment]. Due to [brief reason, e.g., illness/family emergency], I’m unable to meet the original deadline. Would it be possible to submit by [new date] instead? I’ve attached my progress so far for your review."
Step 1: add the request
Claude Sonnet 5.5 Run 1 Recorded 3 October 2026
The email is now about an extension. It is still long, and it has tips.
Subject: Extension Request: [Course Code] Essay
Dear Dr/Professor [Surname],
I hope you're well. I'm writing to ask whether it would be possible to have a one-week extension on the [course name/code] essay, currently due on [original due date].
[Briefly explain your reason, e.g., "I've been dealing with a illness over the past couple of weeks, which has affected my ability to complete the research and writing to the standard I'd like." / "I've had several unexpected family commitments that have taken up much of my time."] I have already [completed my research / drafted an outline / written X words], and I am confident that an extra week would allow me to submit a stronger piece of work.
If approved, I would aim to submit the essay by [new due date]. I am happy to provide supporting documentation if needed.
Thank you very much for considering my request. I understand if it isn't possible, and I appreciate your time.
Kind regards, [Your full name] [Student ID] [Course name/code]
Tips:
Send it as early as possible, ideally well before the deadline.
Be honest but brief about your reason. You don't need to share private details.
Check your course handbook for any formal extension or mitigating circumstances process, as you may need to submit a form too.
If you tell me your reason and the dates, I can tailor it for you.
Ministral 3 14B Run 1 Recorded 3 October 2026
The email is now about an extension. It is longer than Claude's, and it has tips.
Here’s a polite and professional email template you can use to request a one-week extension for your essay. Be sure to personalize it with your specific details (course name, essay title, reason for the delay, etc.):
Subject: Request for One-Week Extension on [Essay Title/Course Name]
Dear [Lecturer’s Name],
I hope this email finds you well. I’m writing to kindly request a one-week extension for the submission of my essay, [Essay Title], due in [Course Name] on [original due date]. I’ve been working diligently on the assignment, but [briefly explain your reason—e.g., "unexpected personal commitments" / "a delay in accessing necessary resources" / "health issues" / "overlapping deadlines"], and I believe an additional week would allow me to submit work that fully reflects the effort and research I’ve put into it.
Read the full recorded answer, Ministral 3 14B, run 1
I completely understand if this isn’t possible, and I’m happy to discuss alternative arrangements or provide updates on my progress. Thank you for your time and consideration—I truly appreciate your support.
Best regards, [Your Full Name] [Your Student ID, if applicable] [Your Course Name and Year, e.g., "Year 2, [Course Code]"] [Your University Email]
Tips to Strengthen Your Request:
Be concise but honest: Avoid vague excuses (e.g., "I’m busy"). Instead, mention a specific, legitimate reason (e.g., "family illness," "technical difficulties," or "work commitments").
Show accountability: Acknowledge the delay and express your commitment to improving.
Offer alternatives: If possible, suggest a plan (e.g., "I can submit a draft by [date] if that helps").
Check your university’s policy: Some lecturers may require you to email through a specific system (e.g., Moodle) or submit a formal extension request form.
If You’re Unsure About the Reason:
If you don’t have a strong justification, you could say: "I’ve encountered some unforeseen challenges that have slowed my progress, and I’d be grateful for the opportunity to submit a polished essay by [new date]."
Would you like help tailoring this further based on your specific situation?
Step 2: add the reader and the reason
Claude Sonnet 5.5 Run 1 Recorded 3 October 2026
It names Dr Byrne and the illness. It is still long, with tips. It hedges on whether the note is attached.
I am writing to ask whether it would be possible to have a one-week extension on my essay for [module name/code], currently due on [original due date]. I was unwell last week and was unable to work on the essay for much of that time, which has put me behind schedule.
I have a doctor's note confirming my illness, which I am happy to send you. I have attached it to this email [or: I can provide it on request].
If an extension is possible, I would aim to submit by [new date]. Please let me know if you need any further information from me, or if there is a formal process I should follow.
Thank you very much for your time and understanding.
Kind regards, [Your full name] [Student ID number] [Course/Programme name]
Tips:
Fill in the bracketed details, and delete whichever option about the doctor's note doesn't apply.
Some universities require extension requests to go through an official form or portal, so it's worth checking your department's policy. Dr Byrne may redirect you, but emailing first is still a good move.
Send it as soon as possible, ideally before the deadline.
Ministral 3 14B Run 1 Recorded 3 October 2026
It names Dr Byrne and the illness. It is still long, with notes.
Here’s a professional and polite email draft you can use:
Subject: Request for One-Week Extension on Essay Due to Illness
Dear Dr. Byrne,
I hope this email finds you well. I am writing to formally request a one-week extension for my essay submission, which is currently due on [original due date]. Unfortunately, I was unwell last week and was unable to dedicate the necessary time to complete the assignment to the standard I aim for.
I have attached a doctor’s note for your records, confirming my illness during that period. I sincerely apologise for any inconvenience this may cause and would be grateful if you could consider granting me an extension until [proposed new due date, e.g., Friday, [date] at 5:00 PM].
Thank you for your understanding and time. Please let me know if you require any further information. I appreciate your support.
Best regards, [Your Full Name] [Your Student ID, if applicable] [Your Course Name and Code, if relevant]
Notes:
Adjust the tone if your relationship with Dr. Byrne is more informal (e.g., "Hi Dr. Byrne" instead of "Dear Dr. Byrne").
If the extension is for a longer period or you’re unsure about the policy, you might add: "I understand if this isn’t possible, but I’d be happy to discuss alternatives if needed."
Attach the doctor’s note as a PDF (named clearly, e.g., "[Your Name]DoctorNote[Date].pdf").
Not true: The prompt only said the learner has a note. Nothing was attached. The part marked: "I have attached a doctor’s note for your records"
Step 3: add the length and tone
Claude Sonnet 5.5 Run 1 Recorded 3 October 2026
About 100 words, and no tips. It offers to send the note.
I hope you are well. I am writing to request a one-week extension on my essay for [Module Name/Code], currently due on [original date].
I was unwell last week, which unfortunately affected my ability to complete the work on schedule. I have a doctor's note and am happy to send it to you, or to submit it through the appropriate channel if preferred.
If granted, I would aim to submit the essay by [new date]. I would be very grateful for your consideration.
Thank you for your time and understanding.
Kind regards, [Your Name] [Student Number]
Ministral 3 14B Run 1 Recorded 3 October 2026
About 100 words, and no tips.
Subject: Request for Essay Extension Due to Illness
Dear Dr Byrne,
I hope this email finds you well. I am writing to kindly request a one-week extension for my essay submission, currently due on [original due date]. Unfortunately, I was unwell last week and, despite my efforts, my work was significantly affected.
I have attached a doctor’s note for your records. I understand the importance of deadlines and sincerely apologise for any inconvenience caused. If possible, I would be extremely grateful for an extension until [proposed new date].
Thank you for your time and consideration—I truly appreciate your understanding.
Best regards, [Your Full Name] [Your Student ID, if applicable]
Not true: The prompt only said the learner has a note. Nothing was attached. The part marked: "I have attached a doctor’s note for your records"
Prompt B: add the ending
Claude Sonnet 5.5 Run 1 Recorded 3 October 2026
It offers to send the note in the second paragraph. The email ends with thanks, not the offer.
I hope you are well. I am writing to ask whether I might have a one-week extension on my essay, currently due on [date].
I was unwell last week and, as a result, was unable to make the progress I had planned. I have a doctor's note confirming this, and I would be happy to send it to you if that would be helpful.
Thank you very much for considering my request. I appreciate your understanding.
I hope you are well. I am writing to ask whether it might be possible to have a one-week extension on my essay, currently due on [original deadline].
I was unwell last week, which unfortunately affected my ability to work on the assignment as planned. I have a doctor's note confirming this, and I would be happy to send it to you if that would be helpful.
Thank you very much for considering my request. I appreciate your understanding.
I hope you are well. I am writing to ask whether I might have a one-week extension on my essay, currently due on [date].
I was unwell last week and, as a result, was unable to work on it as planned. I have a doctor's note confirming this and would be happy to send it to you if that would be helpful.
I appreciate your consideration and understand if this requires any formal process on my part.
Kind regards, [Your Name] [Student Number]
Ministral 3 14B Run 1 Recorded 3 October 2026
It offers to send the note in the first paragraph. The email ends with thanks.
Subject: Request for Essay Extension Due to Illness
Dear Dr Byrne,
I hope this email finds you well. I’m writing to kindly request a one-week extension for my essay submission, which was due on [original due date]. Unfortunately, I was unwell last week and unable to work on it properly—my doctor has confirmed this with a note, which I’d be happy to send if needed.
I understand the importance of deadlines and sincerely apologise for any inconvenience. I’m committed to submitting my best work and would greatly appreciate your consideration. Please let me know if you’d like me to provide the note or any further details.
Thank you for your time and understanding.
Best regards, [Your Full Name] [Your Student ID, if applicable]
Ministral 3 14B Run 2 Recorded 3 October 2026
It has no offer to send the note.
Subject: Request for Essay Extension Due to Illness
Dear Dr. Byrne,
I hope this email finds you well. I’m writing to kindly request a one-week extension for my essay submission, which was due on [original deadline]. Unfortunately, I was unwell last week and unable to focus on my work as needed.
I’ve attached a doctor’s note for your records. I understand the importance of meeting deadlines and sincerely apologise for any inconvenience caused. I’d be grateful if you could confirm whether this extension is possible.
Thank you for your time and consideration—I truly appreciate your understanding.
Best regards, [Your Full Name] [Your Student ID, if applicable]
Not true: The prompt only said the learner has a note. Nothing was attached. The part marked: "I’ve attached a doctor’s note for your records"
Ministral 3 14B Run 3 Recorded 3 October 2026
It ends on the offer to send the note. It also says a note is attached.
Subject: Request for Essay Extension Due to Illness
Dear Dr Byrne,
I hope this email finds you well. I’m writing to kindly request a one-week extension for my essay submission, as I was unwell last week and unable to work effectively. I’ve attached a doctor’s note for your records.
I understand the importance of deadlines and sincerely apologise for any inconvenience caused. If possible, I’d be grateful for the extra time to ensure the quality of my work. Please let me know if you require any further details.
Thank you for your understanding—I’d be happy to send the note directly if needed.
Best regards, [Your Full Name] [Your Student ID, if applicable]
Not true: The prompt only said the learner has a note. Nothing was attached. The part marked: "I’ve attached a doctor’s note for your records"
What the runs showed
Adding the length and tone made both models write much shorter emails. After step 3, each answer was about 100 words. The earlier answers had a tips section after the email. At step 3 the tips were gone.
Adding the request, then the reader and the reason, did not make the answers shorter. It changed what they said. Both models wrote about an extension. Both named Dr Byrne and the illness.
The bad prompt got a template with blanks from both models. Claude asked what the email was for, in all three runs. Ministral did not ask in any of its three runs. Its templates were also about twice as long.
The ending changed little. Claude offered to send the note in all three runs, as it had at step 3. Ministral offered in two runs and said a note was attached in two.
Only one of the six runs of the last prompt ended on the offer. That is three runs for each model.
Each step has one run per model, so this is a sign, not proof. A different day or a different model could go another way.
Prompt A, Claude Sonnet 5.5: three templates of 223, 198 and 261 words. All three open with “Here’s a general template you can adapt. If you tell me the purpose, I can tailor it.” Ministral 3 14B: three templates of 478, 424 and 465 words, each with a tips section and example paragraphs.
The steps, one run each, as word counts of the whole reply. Step 1: Claude 234, Ministral 327. Step 2: Claude 212, Ministral 231. Step 3: Claude 106, Ministral 109. Steps 1 and 2 kept a tips or notes section. Step 3 did not. The step 3 prompt added both “short” and a word limit, so the runs do not say which one removed the tips.
Prompt B, three runs per model. Claude: 92, 95 and 93 words. Ministral: 123, 106 and 112. Counting only the email text from the greeting to the thanks line, all six are under 120 words (between 79 and 105). One Ministral reply is over 120 words when the subject line and sign-off are counted. The prompt did not say which way to count.
The runs went against the expected effect in two places. First, length did not fall at steps 1 and 2. Second, “end by offering to send the note” was not followed as an ending in five of six runs. The offer sits in a middle paragraph in Claude’s three runs and in Ministral’s first run. Ministral’s second run has no offer. Ministral’s third run ends on it: “I’d be happy to send the note directly if needed.”
Whether the tone became polite and a little formal was not measured. The replies read as polite and formal to the writer of this lesson, and a fact-checker or a reader may disagree.
A clear prompt is not a ready email
Every recorded reply still has blanks in square brackets, such as [Your Name]. The prompts did not give the model those details. A clear prompt does not make the model know them.
Ministral wrote that a doctor’s note was attached in four of its five replies to the last three steps. Those steps add the reader and reason, the length and tone, and the ending. Nothing was attached. We only said you have a note.
So a clear prompt is not a ready email. Fill in the blanks. Then check every claim in the draft before you send it.
Lesson 2.2 shows how to give a model the facts to work from. Lesson 1.6 shows how models can make up answers. Lesson 4.1 will cover how to check an answer.
Anthropic and Google both advise giving the model the information it needs. In this recording, even prompt B did not give the module, the dates or the name, and every reply left a blank for the name. Claude’s three replies also left blanks for the module and the dates. Ministral’s three replies had no module blank, and one of them had no date blank. The unchecked claim was “attached”.
The email task has few facts that could be wrong, so these runs cannot show a made-up fact. Lesson 1.6 does. They show two smaller things: blanks left for you, and a statement in a draft that was not true.
Lesson 2.6 covers improving a draft step by step and checking it. Lesson 2.3 shows how a role and rules change a reply. Lesson 2.4 shows how an example of the answer you want changes it. Lesson 2.5 shows how asking for a format changes it.
Check-in
In the recorded answers, which added piece made both models write much shorter emails?
The length and the tone, such as "short", "under 120 words" and "polite".
Yes. After that step, both answers were about 100 words, and the tips were gone.
The request, "asking for a one-week extension".
Not this one. After that step, both emails were still long. They were about the extension, though.
The reader and the reason, "Dr Byrne" and "I was ill".
Not this one. Both models named Dr Byrne and the illness. The emails stayed over 200 words.
Nothing. The answers were the same length each time.
Not this one. The length changed a lot, from over 200 words to about 100.
A very clear prompt got you an email draft. What should you do before you send it?
Send it. A clear prompt means the draft is right.
Not this one. Every recorded reply had blanks. One model wrote that a note was attached when nothing was.
Fill in the blanks and check every claim, such as an attached note.
Yes. A clear prompt changes what you ask for. It does not check the draft for you.
Fix only the blanks. Checking the claims is the model's job.
Not this one. The model wrote "attached" with nothing attached. You know what you attached, so you check.
Opinion. The rest of this lesson is sourced fact; this part is one person's view.
I think in structure. Headings, keywords, one idea in each box. So when I write a prompt, I build it the way I'd want to read it.
What I want. Who it's for. What shape the answer should take. I call that a scaffold. A scaffold isn't the building. It holds the work steady while it goes up.
Does structure promise a good answer? No. It gives a clear request, and a clear request is easier to check. That's my experience, not a law. Structure is how I think. Clear thinking shows up as clear asking.
PromptSage V2, a prompt framework by Emanuel Covasa (written up as a paper, not yet published, 2026) (not published) (All rights reserved, cited with credit)
Glossary
prompt
The text you give an AI to tell it what to do.
model
The AI system that writes the answer. This lesson uses two, Claude Sonnet 5.5 and Ministral 3 14B.
template
A draft with blanks in it, ready for you to fill in.
placeholder
A blank in square brackets, such as [Your Name], where you add a detail.
run
One time a model answered a prompt. The same prompt can give a different answer each run.
system prompt
Instructions to a model that sit behind your message. The recorded runs in this lesson have none of ours.
XML tag
A label in angle brackets. A start tag and an end tag mark a piece of text.
Where next
It shows how to give an AI the facts or text to work from. It also shows how pasted text can hide things.
